Sources & scholarly bodies

Cryptocurrency is a new field, and Islamic scholarship on it is still developing. Rather than relying on any single voice, we encourage readers to study how recognised institutions reason about it. Bodies whose work is widely referenced include:

• AAOIFI — sets widely-followed Shariah standards for Islamic finance.
• National fatwa councils — for example in Indonesia, Turkey and Egypt — which have issued differing positions on cryptocurrency.
• Contemporary scholars of Islamic finance, who have published both permissive and restrictive views.

These institutions do not always agree — which is exactly why this site presents reasoning rather than a single verdict. For a decision that binds you, consult a qualified scholar who can weigh the specific coin and your circumstances.

If you represent a fatwa body, or are a qualified scholar who would like to contribute or correct our assessments, please contact us.